2 in C Minor, Op. 66 Montrose Trio; Martin Beaver, violin; Clive Greensmith, cello; Jon Kimura Parker, piano. Mozart Piano Concerto No. 10 for 2 Pianos and Orchestra in E-Flat Major, K.365. Schubert Symphony No. 8 'Unfinished' Friday Concert 1 & Saturday Symphony 3 performed on June 22, 2019.
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The majority of booksellers and collectors want the ‘true first edition’ – the edition of the book that supersedes all other editions chronologically – and sometimes detective work is required to identify the true first. The confusion around first editions is illustrated by 1984 by George Orwell. The UK hardcover edition published. All coronavirus infections start mild, doctors say, and the majority - about 80% - stay that way. Mild infection, though, is a broad description that captures a number of possible symptoms. This is the Super Mario Flash Custom Music Database. This site is meant to help you find the right custom music for your level, and the place to look for a big variety of custom music already. Compare available 2019 Ram 1500 models here. Compare specifications like towing capacity, engine type, paint colors & more today.
U.S. Editions of Leaves of Grass
The links below are to the six American editions of Leaves of Grass published in Whitman's lifetime. (We have also included the so-called deathbed edition of 1891-92. Technically speaking, this is not a distinct edition but is a reprinting of the 1881-82 edition with 'annexes.') As time allows, we plan to present additional printings of Leaves of Grass.
Eventually we will add introductions and textual histories for the various American editions of Leaves of Grass, but until that work is done Ed Folsom's Whitman Making Books/Books Making Whitman can serve as an introduction to Whitman as both a writer and a producer of books as material objects. Several excellent introductory articles from Walt Whitman: An Encyclopedia, edited by J. R. LeMaster and Donald D. Kummings, are also available. Users should keep in mind, however, that there have been numerous discoveries since these articles were written, and Whitman Making Books/Books Making Whitman discusses these new insights.
Permission to reuse any of the page images should be sought from the owner of the physical volume.
Leaves of Grass (1855)
- Copy from the University of Iowa Libraries, Special Collections & University Archives.
Variorum of Leaves of Grass (1855), documenting the manuscript origins of the first edition of Leaves of Grass and highlighting the differences among copies.
Leaves of Grass (1856)
- Copy from the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.
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Leaves of Grass (1860-61)
- Copy from the collection of Kenneth M. Price.
Walt Whitman’s personal copy of the 1860 Leaves, known as the 'Blue Book,' with hundreds of Whitman’s manuscript annotations, revisions, additions, and deletions.
- Copy from New York Public Library.
Leaves of Grass Imprints (1860)
- Copy from the University of Iowa Libraries, Special Collections & University Archives.
Leaves of Grass (1867)
- Copy from the University of Iowa Libraries, Special Collections & University Archives.
Leaves of Grass (1871-72)
First Issue (1871)
- Copy from the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.
Second Issue (1872; with Passage to India)
- coming soon
Leaves of Grass (1881-82)
- Copy from the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.
Leaves of Grass (1891-92)
- Copy from the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.
We venture to say that no other piece of terminology has caused so much contention among booksellers and collectors as that of first edition. In publishing terms, an edition is technically all copies of a book that were printed from the same setting of type and the book is only described as a second edition if substantial changes are made to the copy. However, in collecting terms, a very rough description of first edition would be when it is the first appearance of a work in question.
To shed a little more light, the first time a publisher releases a new book all copies of that book that are printed without major changes can be considered a first edition. If the initial print run of this first edition sells out and the publisher decides to produce a subsequent printing with the same typeset the book would be described as a first edition, second printing. On the other hand, if substantial changes are made to the book after its first printing, perhaps the addition of a chapter or a foreword, then the book would be described as the second edition.
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To make matters more confusing, each time a new publisher releases an instance of the same title or a book is released in another format they may also describe their book as a first edition (for instance, the Penguin Classics first edition or the first paperback edition). It is common to see booksellers describe these later first editions as a ‘first edition thus.’
You can now probably understand why there is so much debate about first editions. If there are two or more books described as a first edition, then a collector will want to know which one is superior.
The majority of booksellers and collectors want the ‘true first edition’ – the edition of the book that supersedes all other editions chronologically – and sometimes detective work is required to identify the true first.
The confusion around first editions is illustrated by 1984 by George Orwell. The UK hardcover edition published by Secker & Warberg in 1949 is considered the true first edition over the US edition printed by Harcourt Brace in the same year.
However, that UK first edition comes in a red dust jacket and also in a green dust jacket, and no-one seems to know which one was printed first. The general consensus is that the red issue is the true first but no-one has proof.
1984 First UK hardcover edition Secker & Warburg, 1949. Considered the true first edition, over the US edition.
1984 First UK hardcover edition Secker & Warburg, 1949. Considered to have the same priority as the red covered version among collectors.
Identifying the First Edition of a Book
Identifying a first edition is no simple matter. There are thousands of publishers and they use a large variety of methods, which are often changed, to define first editions.
The publisher may actually state the words ‘first edition’ or ‘first printing’ on the copyright page. Another common method of identification is the number line – that’s a line of numbers on the copyright page. Usually, if a one is present in the line then it’s a first edition. This style has been used since World War II.
The line sequence could ascend or descend or even have no discernable order depending on the publisher. All of these sequences below are first editions.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2
(All first editions)
Sometimes the number line is also accompanied by the words ‘first edition’, but be careful because some publishers leave on the words ‘first edition’ even when the book is in its third printing and that fact is reflected in the three in this number line.
First edition
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
(Third printing)
This number line below identifies a second printing printed in 1975.
75 76 77 78 79 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
If you find that the date on the copyright page matches the date on the title page, then it is probably a first edition. Most 19th century publishers placed the date of publication on the title page but that practice faded out after 1900 and the date became appearing on the copyright page.
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Some publishers make no statement at all about first editions but booksellers learn to identify firsts by other methods – for instance a particular piece of copy on the dust jacket or a mistake in the book’s text itself that is corrected in later editions.
We recommend obtaining a guide to first editions. Bill McBride’s Pocket Guide to the Indentification of First Editions and the latest edition of Collected Books: The Guide to Identification and Values by Allen and Patricia Ahearn are two excellent resources.
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Curated Collections of First Editions
Watch: How to Identify a First Edition Book
What's your most prized first edition?
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